The Snowdon Mountain Railway – Racking up 117 years

April 4th, 2013
Llanberis station early view

Llanberis station early view

Today, 5 April, is the 117th anniversary of Britain’s only rack and pinion railway, the Snowdon Mountain Railway. It was opened purely to serve a tourist market, anxious to visit the highest point in England and Wales without having to go to the trouble of walking or taking a donkey ride to the summit. However, its opening day nearly became the last day of its operation.

The financial benefits to tourism were recognised by the Victorians who didn’t miss any opportunity that was presented. With the coming of the railway to Llanberis in 1869, entrepreneurs saw an opportunity to build a railway to the summit of Snowdon, and make a lot of money in the process. Their efforts were frustrated for many years by the local landowner, George Assheton -Smith, who was part of the local dynasty who had extensive property interests, including Dinorwig quarry  – the second largest slate quarry in Wales and in the world. Assheton -Smith’s very 21st century NIMBY (‘Not In My Back Yard’) view was that it would spoil the scenery. One could not imagine the Snowdon National Park giving permission today for such an undertaking!

Originally the railway was intended to leave from Rhyd Ddu on the west side of Snowdon but vested interests in the town of Llanberis realised that a lot of tourism income would be lost if it were to be built there and so the Railway was constructed from the town to the summit over an 18 month period.

The rack between the tracks

The rack between the tracks

The Snowdon Mountain Railway is a single track line with three passing loops, narrow gauge (80cm / 2ft 7½ in) rack and pinion railway which is 4 miles 1188 yd (7.512 km) long, with an average gradient of 1 in 7.86. The steepest gradient is 1 in 5.5, and this occurs in a number of places. The railway rises a total of 3,140 feet, from 353 feet above sea level at Llanberis to 3,493 feet at Summit station. A smooth journey on the steep gradients is achieved by a double racked rail used with a rotating toothed pinion. The pinion is mounted underneath the locomotive and guarantees the locomotive does not lose grip on the mountain. The pinion is the only source of traction for the locomotive with the wheels supporting the weight of the engine. Some of the original rolling stock is still in use and, in contrast, three new carriages entered service in 2013.

On the opening day a disaster occurred on the Railway. Two trains climbed safely to the summit. On the first return trip down the mountain, the train with two carriages lost contact with the rack and ran out of control. The locomotive derailed and fell down the mountain. A passenger died from loss of blood after jumping from the carriage. The second downward train hit the carriages of the first, fortunately with no fatalities. An inquiry concluded that the accident had been triggered by post-construction settlement, compounded by excess speed due to the weight of the train. Additional safety precautions were put in place on reopening and the Railway has had a perfect safety record since.

The cafe at the summit of Snowdon, described by the Prince of Wales as ”the highest slum in Wales” was demolished in 2006 to be replaced by a new £8.4m visitor centre three years later. It’s slightly bizarre to find a cafe at the top of a mountain but when you’ve spent three hours walking through drizzle and mist, a hot drink is welcome.

Station on the route

Station on the route

For more information see Snowdon Mountain Railway website

Picture of Llanberis Station © Snowdon Mountain Railway

 

 

 

Welshman wrongly executed in miscarriage of justice

March 9th, 2013

Timothy EvansOn 9 March 1950, Timothy John Evans from Merthyr Tydfil was executed for the murder of his wife, Beryl and his infant daughter Geraldine. In fact the murders were committed by the serial killer John Christie whose murders were graphically portrayed in the film 10 Rillington Place. He was eventually granted a posthumous pardon.

The last woman to be hanged in the United Kingdom was a Welsh woman from Rhyl – Ruth Ellis. Unlike Timothy Evans, Ruth Ellis was responsible for the death of another man, shooting Derek Blakely outside a pub in London on Easter Sunday 1955. However, Ellis drove immediately to the police and confessed to her crime and despite the fact that the relationship she had with Blakely was abusive and violent, she was executed on 13 July 1955.

Another miscarriage of justice into place on 28 January 1953 when Derek Bentley was executed for the murder of a policeman during a robbery. In fact, the policeman was shot by his younger accomplice who was not executed because he was not 18 at the time of the shooting. Derek Bentley had brain damage following a fall from a first-floor window during World War II which left him with epilepsy and the mental age of 11. The whole sorry story was told in a 1991 movie Let Him Have It and the events commemorated in several  folk songs including ”Bentley and Craig” by Ralph McTell, whose mother was a friend of the Bentley family.

All three were executed by the notorious Albert Pierrepoint who was responsible for the judicial deaths of at least 400 people during his infamous life as public executioner. In his 1974 autobiography, Pierrepoint wrote:

It [execution] is said to be a deterrent. I cannot agree. There have been murders since the beginning of time, and we shall go on looking for deterrents until the end of time. If death were a deterrent, I might be expected to know. It is I who have faced them last, young men and girls, working men, grandmothers. I have been amazed to see the courage with which they take that walk into the unknown. It did not deter them then, and it had not deterred them when they committed what they were convicted for. All the men and women whom I have faced at that final moment convince me that in what I have done I have not prevented a single murder.

The one area of good sense that has consistently come from the House of Commons is a refusal to consider the re-introduction of capital punishment despite the hysterical screams from newspapers like the Sun and the Daily Mail who chillingly report that there is a majority of the British public who would like to see capital punishment reintroduced. They need to consider carefully the implications of cases like those of Timothy Evans, Ruth Ellis and Derek Bentley.

 

 

Dydd Gŵyl Dewi Hapus

February 28th, 2013

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Dydd Gŵyl Dewi Hapus  - Happy St David’s Day

daffsA happy St David’s Day to all our friends! Living in a land of tradition, history and culture, we’ve created our own tradition of sending a St David’s Day greeting to all our friends and to bring you up to date with some of our news. We’ve stopped sending Christmas cards and made a donation to Caernarfon Food bank instead.

40thus

We enjoyed not one, but two major celebrations during the year. The first took place on 10 June when we celebrated 40 years of marriage with our friends and family. Celebrations started with a vintage coach tour around Snowdonia for the 30 or so people who had travelled long distances to be with us (see pic above) followed by a champagne trip on the West Highland Railway between Porthmadog and Caernarfon. We had a Welsh cream tea together back at Trosgol and then a party in the evening which included all our local friends. We finally finished with a barbecue lunch the next day for those who were travelling back far and wide.

hand in hand

The second celebration was Chris and Donny’s wedding which took place on 17 August. Donny and Chris arrived very stylishly in a horse and carriage for a beautifully moving ceremony at Islington town hall which was followed by a champagne reception across the road and then a magnificent wedding breakfast in a nearby restaurant. In the evening we adjourned to a pub where we were entertained by two uniquely talented musical artistes, Lady Imelda and CJ. Neither of us can remember enjoying any wedding we have attended (including our own!) quite so much as Chris and Donny’s.


Paralymp
We had made a journey down after the wedding to spend an incredible day out at the London Paralympics with Chris and Donny. We saw several world records broken in the stadium during the morning and spent the afternoon watching tennis and exploring the Olympic site. It was an inspiring experience.

 

DaphneChris and Donny have added to their family already and are now the proud owners of a miniature schnauzer called Daphne. Daphne’s house training ran them both ragged but she’s settled down now. Chris has added trombone to his repertoire and plays in a London band. Chris’s website design business is continuing to do well and Donny continues to work long hours in the pharmaceutical business, often making overseas trips.

 

We made a decision together to try to get into the area more and to travel wider afield. We’re doing that by a combination of closing Trosgol from mid-September until the following Easter and by sneaking away for short trips midweek. So far we’ve managed to spend a couple of days at the Ironbridge Gorge museums and we spent a few days in Dublin looking at the sites associated with the 1916 uprising. We found a great hotel right in the centre of Dublin which was an easy walk to the Temple Bar area with its dozens of restaurants. We spent a really enjoyable short holiday on the Leicester canals with our good friends David and Jane although the weather was not at its kindest.

We’ve also managed trips out to Liverpool and Birmingham to hear Joan Baez in concert and a tribute event to Edith Piaf. Although our nearest cinema is 22 miles away in Llandudno, we have started going there regularly and then spending the rest of the day shopping or enjoying the seaside. We are really enjoying rediscovering doing things together and realise that the six years that we have operated Trosgol holiday cottages has tied us far more than we should have allowed it to. Trosgol is still on the market but there has been very little interest from prospective buyers. Ironically, the two properties that we really liked in Llanberis were badly flooded in December so we have decided not to look at any properties until we have a buyer.

Mark & Sam & boysChristine and I spends quite a lot of our time helping with Logan, Ethan and Dylan and Christine often goes down to help at bedtime. Three live wires under five years old are very demanding especially as Mark’s shifts often mean that he is not around for the evening meal and bedtime. Mark has been promoted to deputy manager at the Beacon Climbing Centre which has moved to modern premises and I still  help Mark with the youngsters climbing competitions. Logan was 4 in October and Ethan & Dylan will be 3 in June. Logan now goes to school 5 mornings a week and all three will be at school in September.

foodbank-logoI help at the Caernarfon food bank every Friday which stretches my competence in the Welsh language, speaking with the clients. About a year ago, I became a trustee of CCPAS, an organisation providing DBS security checks (which used to be called CRB checks) for churches and other organisations. This took me to Kent on three occasions this year and I had fun making a training video with them.

Having been impressed by TV programmes like “Who Do You Think You Are?”, I have started tracing my family tree and to my delight have met up with a huge branch of the family that I didn’t even know existed who are only 20 miles away. I have more relatives living within a 20 mile radius than in the rest of the United Kingdom! So far, I have traced back to my great, great, great grandfather. The greatest problem to doing the research is there seems to be only about a dozen surnames and 50 first names in common use in North Wales. It is very easy to get confused!

So we wish you a happy St David’s day and, like St David, encourage you to do the small things!

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